Building Integrated Photovoltaics(BIPV)
As the world’s demand and focus on renewable and non-polluting energy, together with energy efficiency, are ever-increasing, zero energy and zero-emission buildings are rapidly drawing attention. A zero-energy or zero-emission building harvests energy from its surroundings and from the Sun. Building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) systems, where solar cells are integrated within the climate envelopes of buildings, utilize solar radiation to produce electricity. BIPVs offer an aesthetic, economical and technical solution to integrate solar cells harvesting solar radiation to produce electricity within the climate envelopes of buildings.
The BIPV systems replace parts of the conventional building materials and components in the climate envelope of buildings, such as the roofs and facades. BIPV systems are generally considered as a functional part of the building structure, or they are architecturally integrated into the building’s design. Hence, the BIPV system serves as a building envelope material and power generator simultaneously.
Building integration of photovoltaic (PV) cells may be carried out on sloped roofs, flat roofs, facades, and solar shading systems. PV cells may be mounted above or onto the existing or traditional roofing or wall systems. Thus, BIPV may provide savings in materials and labor, in addition to reducing the electricity costs.
Aspects to be considered and evaluated related to the integration of the PV cells into the outer building envelope skin:
➡️ To ensure an air gap underneath the solar cells in order to provide an airflow reducing the temperature of the solar cells, as an elevated temperature decreases the efficiency of solar cells.
➡️ The inclination of BIPV, both with respect to existing and new buildings, as the solar cells necessarily need to follow the roof inclination (or the wall for that matter) to be integrated solutions (exceptions may e.g., be different architectural integrations).
➡️ Geographical position and orientation towards the sun and area coverage.
➡️ Heat and moisture transport in the building envelope.
BIPV products:-
➡️BIPV foil products:
● Lightweight and flexible
● Made from thin-film cells
● Low efficiency
➡️BIPV tile products:
●A good option for retrofitting of roofs
●Aesthetically pleasing
● The module has an integrated panel of poly or monocrystalline cells
➡️BIPV module products:
●Similar to conventional PV modules
●They are made with weather skin solutions
➡️Solar cell glazing products:
● Variety of options for windows or tiled facades and roofs
●The modules transmit daylight.
● Different colors and transparencies make them aesthetically pleasing.
● Serve as water and sun protection
Advantages and Disadvantages
➡️Advantages
■Cost-effective
■ Reduced energy bills
■Generate income
■Environment-friendly
■Low operating and maintenance costs
■ Silent, producing no noise at all
■Solar energy is productively used
➡️Disadvantages
■High making cost
■Influenced by weather
■Low efficiency compared to efficiency levels of other renewable energy sources
Submitted by - Chaitanya Kumar





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