Application of GIS in Civil Engineeering

 Introduction:-

Geographic information systems (GIS) is an innovation that has found application in almost all fields of study, mostly empowering modern civil engineers by enabling them to capture, manipulate, store, manage, analyse and present spatial data. This data can then be presented in layered visualisations using computerised geographic maps. GIS is transforming, disrupting and expanding the ways engineers serve society. It provides layers of information on the beat of geographic maps that can offer assistance to engineers and others to make better-informed choices. GIS is used more in the mechanical practice of the construction industry.

Planning and Data Collection:-

GIS helps organise sets of data that helps the engineer resolve various situations regarding the choice, study of the ecosystem, steering of streets, environmental impacts, etc. It has all the various tools and functions that enable its clients to quickly access required data. For any engineering project to achieve success, the engineers should have and work with precise and accurate information.

GIS Software Used In Civil Engineering:-

  • ArcGIS:- This cloud-based platform offers powerful geo-based data analytics, including various advanced features for serving utilities and infrastructure design, planning and management.
  • AutoCAD Map 3: - It provides all the standard CAD features, along with a powerful GIS toolset.
  • Maptitude:- This software application provides advanced mapping capabilities for GIS users. The Create-A-Map wizard makes it easier to convert aggregated data into 3D maps.
  • Global Mapper:- It offers LiDAR processing, data importing and exporting in various formats, terrain analysis and various advanced capabilities.

GIS Applications In Civil Engineering:-

1. Structural Engineering

GIS enables civil engineers to use material and historical data in the design process and can incorporate 3D GIS maps with traditional design strategies to overcome past failures.

2. Transportation

Traffic flow trends can be viewed along with population changes on the same map simultaneously using GIS tools. The advantage of GIS is that it allows a virtually unlimited amount of data to be superimposed over the study area.

3.Urban Development and Town Planning

The exceptional growth in many countries has caused problems of sanitation, environmental pollutions and scarcity of land, power and waste supply. We can integrate the information from the presently available satellite records on demographics, natural resources, and socio-economic statics in the GIS domain to make ideal resources development model and urban land-use plan for a maintainable development.

4.Natural Disaster Management

GIS can help to predict areas where the impact of an event will be the most damaging such as predicting the regions that are likely to be affected due to flood etc. It can also help to plan evacuation routes etc. When utilised to its highest potential, GIS can be invaluable for natural disaster planning and recovery.


WRITTEN BY:-Shailesh Patro and Ayusha Barik  

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