Monolithic Domes



 INTRODUCTION: 

Dome is an element of architecture which looks like a hollow upper half of a sphere. A monolithic dome can be defined as a thin shell created around one of its axes by the revolution of a regular curve. The dome shape depends on the curve form and the orientation of the axis of revolution. It is a structure cast in a one-piece form. The form may be permanent or temporary and may or may not remain part of the finished structure. The dome is basically made of air form kits, polyurethane foam, reinforcing steel, concrete. In April 1976 the first Monolithic Dome was created by three brothers David, Barry and Randy South in Shelley, Idaho. It was 35-feet tall and 105-feet base diameter. The construction of the dome system provides unexpected possibilities and opportunities for the combined realization of practical, economical and aesthetic aspects. 

 

Construction Methods: 

The current construction methods of the domes are attributed to the South brothers-David, Barry and Randy. The steps used in the construction process are: 

  • A ring beam (reinforced concrete foundation) is constructed to define the shape of the base of the structure. 

  • An air form (tough, PVC coated fabric membrane) is attached to the foundation. 

  • Then, polyurethane foam is attached to the interior surface of the air form to give rigidity to the form and provide support to the concrete mixture. 

  • Rebar is attached to the outside layer of foam to fulfil the purpose of steel reinforcing. 

  • Several inches of concrete is sprayed over the re-bar frame. 

  • After the setting of concrete, the blower of the air form is turned off. 

  • The exposed surface of the air form is applied to surface treatment like paints, tiles, etc. 

 

 

Advantages: 

  • Domes are very energy efficient and extra stable and safest in comparison to other buildings. 

  • It requires less surface area to build. 

  • Monolithic dome architecture with adequate earth sheltering can more easily withstand bomb blasts than traditional structures. 

  • These structures are practically resistant to climate disasters or earthquakes or tornadoes. 

  • Domes are also resistant to fire or corrosion threats due to their strength and stability. 

  • The dome's spherical sections offer less surface for heat transfer with the outside air, so the temperature stands constant. 

  •  Another great benefit is theses are less expensive. 

  •  Dome embodies the virtues of simplicity, economy, and energy conservation, and enclose the maximum amount of space with the least surface area. 

 

 

Disadvantages:

  • The techniques required to build the monolithic domes are very different from conventional construction processes. So, it requires specially skilled and trained crews to build the domes. 

  • There are issues of oddly shaped rooms and wasted floor space due to the curved surface of monolithic domes. 

  • Dehumidifiers are necessary due to the fact that the domes are too well sealed. 

  • The different appearances of the domes result in them being less appealing for private residential buildings, which is again a problem for resale. 

 

 

CONCLUSION: 

Monolithic domes have become the construction of great importance given their numerous advantages. Like any other thing, there are certain disadvantages as well. However, there supreme durability to resist climatic disasters and great strength make them a new wave in the unconventional construction methods.   

                                            BY: 

                                                Pradeep Behera. 

                                                Tanmay Dalal. 

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